Left valley of Noyon Mountain and Nariin Gatsuurtai river valleys, which contain Ancient Hun historic and cultural heritage, are being prepared to be excavated and plundered of its treasures by foreigners.

One important law enacted by the State Grand Khural on July 16, 2009 is: “Law prohibiting mining activity on a river’s delta zone, protected areas and forest grounds”. This enactment will be applied on any mining activities except STRATEGIC MINES.

The above mentioned treasure of Noyon Mountain left valley is of Gatsuurtain deposit, and was not included in the list of 39 deposits mentioned on 15 of First and Second Appendix, Act no.27 titled “Enlisting a certain deposit in strategically important mine deposits”, decreed on February 6, 2007 by the State Grand Khural.

Only two deposits of Selenge province, Tomortein deposit at Khuder soum and Boroo Gold Deposit at Bayangol soum, were enlisted. We already know about how Canadian invested “Boroo Gold” Co., Ltd signed a “Stability” contract with Mongolian government and plundered our 40 tons of gold.

Ore-dressing factory of “Boroo Gold” is located in Selenge province’s Bayangol soum, 5th bag of Mandal soum, at 60-70 km distance from Nariin Gatsuurtai valley of Noyon Mountain in Tunhel village. Although Gatsuurtain deposit is not related with Boroo gold mines, “Boroo Gold” Co., Ltd collaborated with another Canadian invested “Centerra Gold” Co., Ltd and through cunningly and carefully initiating the so-called “Gatsuurtai Project”, ravaged the approx. 50 tons of gold from “Centerra Gold” owned, license no.372 authorized areas of 416 hectares, license no.431 authorized area of 1820 hectares, which are both river delta zones and forest areas. Under the name of Boroo’s strategic mine, they led the government and people on by convincing us that they would attain special license using “Heap Leach Technology”. From what’s heard, they are planning to get approval for this technology from Standing Committee of State Grand Khural.

Secretly, they’re doing a dirty activity destroying nearby forests of Noyon Mountain, carrying away all the stones at Nariin Gatsuurtai river delta area, and separating the gold ores, under their so-called separating gold ore from the used dirt of Boroo. The surrounding location is of high significance both historically, paleontological, and archeologically. Article 43 of the section “Protection of lands, containing scientifically, historically and culturally significant valuables” of Mongolian “Law on Land” states that:

1. Harmful utilization on state protected geologically rare, uniquely mineralized, paleontologically and scientifically, historically valuable lands is prohibited.

2. During utilization of land, should a geologically rare, uniquely mineralized, meteor, paleontological, archeologically, scientifically valuable item be found, land users must stop utilization and notify about the finding to corresponding government organization”

But on the contrary of this act, a foreign company that have been excavating this area found a pair of Mammoth tusks, photographed themselves with them, but never handed over to the Archeological Academy, nor stopped their operation. When Mongolian State Grand Khural issued the list of Strategically important deposits, Boroo gold mine deposit was included, but they didn’t issue any strategically important companies list at all.

Even though such list would exist, we hope that there wouldn’t be any parliament member that will approve “Boroo Gold” Co., Ltd, which has plundered our treasures for years, to be listed.

News and report prepared by Selenge province NGOs “Tunhel Development”, “Tunhel Morning”, “Foundation for supporting citizens’ groups protecting River Kharaa”, “Association for supporting Mongolian Environmental activists in Selenge province” located in Tunhel Village, 5th bag of Mandal soum.

Smoke is composed of half burned materials or a fog with chemical factories’ garbage in it and it is dangerous to our health. An invisible different type of smoke affects human health even more dangerously which is a sore gas and aerosols.

A big city atmosphere is crowded with tons of gases from cars and from the ger districts and it is affected by the suns infra-red rays. After this process the pollution gets worse.

The aftermath affects our physiology, such as breathing, eyesight shock and Asthma and heart problems. If this continues, the reasons for death will increase along with the diseases.

Today our capital has a new name “Utaanbaatar”, which means “city of dense smoke”  and in the winter we just talk about it and forget it in the summer. This is like getting us used to death slowly but what is even more frightening is the infant death toll. The number is very big in Mongolia. So in order to have a baby, couples must plan the pregnancy period without crossing winter months. Or even temporary transfer to rural provinces.

So the basic right mentioned in the Constitution, to live healthy, is not being supported.

"Sweepers can not get their salary" …said journalists. Some high ranking people decided to raise their(street sweepers) salary following order 182 on August 24 in 2006. But till now the order is still not realized in reality. Sweepers get a salary worth 108 thousand tugrug /less than 100 USD/month, but it is possible to raise it to 150 thousand tugrug”

I read this paragraph from news.gogo.mn website on 23 December in 2009. Then I wanted to know or ask sweepers in person. So I met and interviewed to Mrs.Altantogoo who is responsible for Chingeltei district of Ulaanbaatar city.

Note: She didn’t want her photo published and I respected her will. Pictures are taken from a website.

Hello, how are you?
Hello. I am fine, thanks.
What is your name, please?
My name is Altantogoo.
How many years have you been working as a street sweeper?
I have been working for almost three years in Chingeltei district.
What time does your work start and finish?
Well, at 5:30 in the morning I have to be at my working place. I finish my work at 18:30. But in winter, we have to work for 24 hours a day, because of heavy snow.
Well, your working hour continues from 5:30am to 18:30. It means you work for twelve hours and thirty minutes a day. Is that right?
Well, we have lunch break between 11am-13pm. Right after 13 clock, we get to work again. But sometimes, we work in group,
Can you explain about it a bit?
If some of us face difficulty in their sweeping, for example, the road is covered by heavy snow and it is tough to sweep, we unite alltogether, let’s say eight to ten people, and cooperate in that area.
In other words, you people help each other?
Oh, yes yes.
You say that we work hard and for 24 hours a day. This exceeds working hours /8 hours a day/. Do you get extra wage for it or do you have bonus for this occasional condition?
We don’t get anything. But we get our salaries on time. I have never get an extra money for extra work. During last two weeks, we could not rest at all.
It was caused by heavy snow, wasn't it?
Yes. Because of heavy snow and ice on roads, we are busy now. But in summer time, we work part time on Wednesday and on Sunday we rest in shift. Unfortunately, we can not rest in winter.
Do you raise your voice or request for extra money according to Labour Law, when you work for 24 hours a day?
We’ve never talked about it. I think it is nice, when our heads give us 20-30 thousand tugrug /around 20 USD/ depending on ceremony or national festival.
Can I ask about your salary then, if you don’t mind? If it is your personal secret, you don’t have to answer my question.
It is not a secret. I get 130 thousand tugrug for my salary in month. /about 100 USD/
The minimum sum of salary per employee is not less than 108 thousand tugrug monthly. So, how many tugrug do you get exactly on your hand?
Except health and social insurance, I get around 108 thousand tugrug exactly.
Is it enough for your living?
Well, I have to spend it till my next salary.
Do you have a family? Is there any other income for your family?
I have a family. I am married and my husband and i work together. When it is time, both of us get our salaries at once. We have to economize till our next income. Few months ago, we couldn’t get our salaries on time. It was really tough for us. But now it is okey. We can get our salaries on time. So I don’t think other things.
Did you know why your salary was delayed?
It was related to our company. During that time, there was so called Waste Fund and it took all the money within itself. So we couldn’t get our salary, I heard. But there isn’t such fund and we are able to getour salary on time now. There is no problem then.
Do you have children?
Yes, I have three.
Do you have a student child?
No. they go to school now.
How do you think that our citizens and population of our city respect your work? Do you think we respect and understand you people? I think it is horrible to throw waste away right after you sweep?
People are so strange. They throw their waste all over the street. It doesn’t matter where they are. Our company do have a waste tracks which have certain direction to collect waste and trash. People should not throw their waste away in street. If they throw it away open, then some homeless people dig it and it looks so bad. We have to sweep and clean roads and streets everyday because of irresponsible people again and again. It is too bad.
Besides our country, people in abroad sort their waste out and waste tracks collect them. Have you ever heard about sorting out?
Yes, I heard. But our Mongolians do not do it like them.
Luckily, there are many coalition and movements in our country to protect the nature. They raise their voices domestically and at international stage as well. They write many important articles and activities to protect our motherland. If we sort waste out, it will be easier for you people, I think. What do you think?
Of course it will be easier and cleaner in our environment. It depends people’s mind and their behaviour. In winter, there are less waste. But in summer, you can find waste all over the streets and squars.
What kind of tools do you have to sweep?
I have one waste trolley, one broom, and one poker. Our company delivers us all of them.
Is there any certain period, in which you should keep and use all of them? How long do you have to use this waste trolley?
I must use this trolley for three years at least. During this period, I should not lose it, and break it. Some sweepers use it for more than three years I heard.
Is it firm to keep in that period?
It is firm. But in winter it gets frozen and I have to be careful to carry.
What will happen if you lose them or break them?
I have to pay for it. For example, this waste trolley is worth over 130 thousand tugrug. /equal to her salary in month/ But if any driver breaks it by his/her car, he/she has to pay. Or we inform his/her office and get compensation for it.
Have you ever lost or break it?
No.
Do you know that where these trolley are imported or what the exact price?
No, I don’t know at all. I guess from China maybe.
Thank you very much for your time and for the interview. What would you like to say to our readers and all people in Ulaanbaatar city?
Do not throw your waste open, please. Particularly, some rude drivers throw their waste through their car window. I think there is little box to put his/her waste in their cars. It is so bad and I get hurt when drivers throw beverage bottle, handkerchief, rest of cigarets through their car window, right after I sweep and clean roads and streets. Sometimes I can not stand it and say those drivers “Just do not!”, but they just ignore me. They have to be responsible for their environment and care for others, I think.

I would like to express my gratitude for all of you, who try to clean streets and sweep roads from dawn to evening. I wish you goodluck and success to your work. Thank you very much … I said and the interview is over.

People! Do not throw your waste open. Please respect these sweepers labour everyday. Let’s sort waste out. It is time to pay more attention to our nature and environment.

The amount of gas in atmosphere, and relations between them play the most important role in eco balance state and global climate change. We are worried about climate change and eco balance changing because changing gas evaporates in atmosphere, human society development and atmosphere structure during manufacturing. Also, fossil fuels and coal affect contribute to it. Fossil fuel can be in the form of gasoline, gas, oil, coal, natural gas and combustible schist, releasing carbon. Fossil fuels are accumulated in the upper parts of the earth crust. It can be gaseous, solid and liquid state. It is estimated that 21.3 billion ton carbon dioxide is released by burning fossil fuels a year but only the half of them are absorbed by nature. The rest of them or 10.65 billion ton carbon dioxide is existed in atmosphere.

Carbon dioxide is one type of greenhouse gas and it affects to the global warming under the measurement of temperature of surface stratum of the earth. The growth of carbon dioxide content in atmosphere and the carbon dioxide content fluctuate depending on seasons and a number of springs are increased and a number of autumns are decreased in the northern part of the world. As a consequence of plant photosynthesis, content of carbon dioxide is decreased in atmosphere.

Coal is black, black brown colored one kind of sedimentary rock and burns quickly. Coal comes into existence of peat which comes from the residue of plants. Also it is divided into 3 types: brown coal, fossil coal and hard coal. The basic chemical elements of coal ingredients are carbon, hydrogen, a little bit of oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen. Coal is the most important key resource to obtain electric power in our world. Its main resource is CO2. The carbon dioxide is greenhouse and is main effect of climate change and global warming. Mongolian country- we are rich of coal resource and it is believed that 152 billion ton coal in Mongolia. Now, we are facing a choice to determine future development approach of mankind. Environment is destroyed by human’s wrong activities. For example, drying up rivers, cutting trees, disappearing animal species, deforestation, hurricanes, tsunami, drought and unexpected things are happening frequently. Every time is invaluable. Although many international NGOs and governments try to fight against these problems, this vital issue can’t be solved without any youths and civil like us. N.Paganinin said “the more you feel it, the more others can feel it” therefore, firstly we should start it then we can be a good example to others all. First step is to reduce water usage. Next we should plant more and more trees around your houses instead destroying greens.

Every big things start from little things. If every civil start to give their contribution, carbon in atmosphere would reduce and can decrease the amount of carbon.

Global warming

We all live on one earth. It doesn’t matter who you are and what you are doing. All of us together can make contribution to combat global warming. In Mongolia, is called young generation’s country, our wills and power is the main factor to influence in social psychology. The reason of global warming is greenhouse gas emission. Today, although we speak in different languages and believe different religions, we all together live under a unique sun. All of us are being affected by it equally. Therefore, we are same. In order to fight against global warming, we should change our bad habit and lifestyle. For example:

* Let’s tell your good routine and experience to your peers.
* To reduce the usage of automobile cars. Instead, ride a bike and save extra electricity and water usage
* Trees clean carbon dioxide so plant trees around your home
* Let’s be proud how many trees you planted instead of showing off your expensive cars.
* Let’s ask about how many trees your friends planted.

The fate of the earth depends on us. If we are not worried about our and future generation’s well beings, there’s no one to worry about it. It’s time to consider it. Your education defines who you are. Good attitude and good perception also define you how to live in the future. Therefore, the fundamental concept of development is eco-balanced state. There is no today without yesterday.

Starvation, famine, weapon crash and struggle - all of these happen because of eco- issues. People think that Mongolians have many holy mountains, wide steppes and have ever living natural resources. Even though high technology has been developed in Mongolia rapidly in the recent years, we should balance between new technology and nature. In order to solve this ecological issue, first, we should learn about them. Global warming means the growth of temperature of globe surface and of sea surface. In recent years, the average temperature has been increasing and it tends to continue in the future. Some natural factors such as solar energy change and volcanic eruption affect little from pre-industrial period to 1750. In 20 century, global warming has become more serious because of human wrong activities. Carbon precentage in atmosphere has increased by 31 percent, methane gas-15 percent and pro-dioxide nitrogen-16 percent and new type of Freon gas gather in atmosphere since 1750. As a result, we are facing global warming. During last 100 years, the average temperature growth is 0.74+-0.15C so the intergovernmental NGOs on climate change study said “it starts from the middle of 20 century and the average temperature growth depends on increasing content of anthropogenic greenhouse gas. In addition, USA-NASA warns that methane gas exists under north marine ice sheet, may rise into the air because of global warming. Meanwhile, it affects agriculture, polar ice, amount of snow surface and animal, plants breed. According to the survey by the space satellite and watercraft, the amount of the northern pole ice has melted by 4 times as much that of 15 years ago. James Hansen, notable scholar of the NASA, USA said “even though we passed final point, we haven’t reached the maximum point yet. Human still have chance to solve this disaster”. Everything is possible. If we change it, we could stop it. After we form Global Trade organization, we became the member of it. Forest is of great importance that protects the soil from erosion, absorbs greenhouse gas, and make pleasant place for animal, plant and microbe and rivers to live longer. Also, its renewable resource has a great significance to us such as save eco-balance state and we charge our lives with it. Our forest is vulnerable to forest fire, dangerous insect and human harmful activities because the trees are planted in changeable climate of Central Asia.

Mongolia has 156441.6 thousand hectare area, 14226.5 thousand area of which is forest. It accounts for 0.359 percent of global forest. In recent years, residents of the capital city and entities violated water and forest law, not long after they had built fences and houses near prohibited area. As a result, the structure of forest and soil had changed.

You can see badly destroyed areas almost everywhere in Mongolia and these areas have no chance to get recovered again due to those companies that make environmental impact assessment and inaccurate analysis, even though they have no experiences in mining restoration. Today, everybody knows their tricks, such things are not secret anymore.

One the way to Darkhan and Selenge, we saw areas which had been used before for gold mining site by 「Boro Gold」, a mining company, you can easily notice how badly it had been restored. When we came here in 2005, there was a taller hill. But in 2007 this tall hill has turned into pile of earth. In 2009, new soil has been laid on the ground and sprinkled with seed along the road, but you can easily see that it is false restoration. I read from a daily newspaper that one of the Mongolian parliament members Batbold Sukhbaatar receives 5% of total income from the extracted gold. I think that everyone knows such stories like this one, it means people are losing their patience.

The mining companies take what they want and leave empty black holes. Mongolian Medias report lot about Boro Gold issues but nobody reports how this issue has been solved. They won't take any responsibility for their illegal action because they have money. This is how the society works.

The local inspectors are responsible for assessing the restoration works. But they make false analysis and no steps are taken for their irresponsible and wrong actions. We are fooling ourselves by cooperating with foreigners.

To take an another example. 2 hectare area in the valley called Buurul in Uyanga Village had been restored after gold mining operation. Accidently, one had found a piece of gold there and all the other gold prospectors gather and destroy the area which had been restored.

There aren't any companies which make biological restoration in the country. So such works are unprofessional.

According to the land law, chapter 7, article 62.1 and 62.2 「 Any damages for the area shall be paid and compensated by relevant person or organization and all the costs of the required restoration work shall be covered by the guilty body.

Specifically:

As on chapter 16, article1 of the environmental law says 「The local citizen representative meeting shall monitor its nature conservation, use natural resources properly, give budget and monitor its implementation process」. Moreover, chapter 17, article 1 says the soum's (Village) citizen representative meeting and local governor shall act within the limits of the authority. Do we have the necessary law, of course we do. But who follows it? No one.

If you harm the nature, one day it will get back to you and at that time it will be too late.

Restoration technology has introduced quite recently in Mongolia. Therefore, there are any professional people to done this job. So it's time to prepare skillful and professional inspectors. Building capacity of environmental impact assessment companies is the vital job and first step that Mongolian government should do.

Non-governmental organizations have no ability to prepare good. The assessment companies use the list of scholar's name who received PhD in their field. I believe that some of these NGO could hire a experts, although it is still necessary to prepare their own personnel.

According to Mongolian scientists’ calculation, 70-80% of the total territory of Mongolia is overgrazed. If we should take into account this figure even though it is somewhat doubtful, we will have no rangeland soon. It is a real danger.

The carrying capacity of rangeland, which is up to 43 million head of livestock, has already been surpassed. This situation makes me want to talk about the future of livestock husbandry. Only herders in local areas practice rangeland protection because they are aware of the facts of this situation. Foreigners have failed to restore our overgrazing and rangeland degradation through implementation of the many projects they have donated.

Nevertheless, rangeland degradation including overgrazing and desertification is increasing through implementation of many projects with nice names such as rehabilitation, coping of desertification, and mitigate degradation, while none of these project donors are worrying about our rangeland future which is a critical issue to be discussed.

Most donors are implementing projects which are mainly related to reducing rangeland degradation and improving rural herders’ livelihood and economic conditions. Currently, the following projects: “Green gold” and “Coping of desertification” (SDC), “Sustainable livelihood” (World Bank), “Land Management for Combating Desertification” and “Community based conservation of biodiversity in Mongolia’s Altai Sayan eco-region” (UNDP) are being implemented. So many projects are being implemented while rangeland degradation and overgrazing is extending and getting worse. In this case, I am not comparing which is better or worse, so please can you (our readers) add your comments on it.

From the results, it seems like we are ignorant, and on the other hand, the donors have not identified the purpose of their project. I remember one phrase that says “don’t seek the mistakes of others, but first seek mistakes within yourself”. I’ve stopped other phrases such as if owner won’t try follow its fate. Therefore, we should worry about our property and protect it.

Once a project ends and the results are disseminated, both their money and minds will disappear. I would like to give you one example; the “Sustainable Grassland Project” of UNDP which was implemented in Bayankhongor, Uvorkhangai and Selenge aimags, between 2002 and 2007. The project implementer organized a tour for representative of donors, and I participated in the tour in the end of August 2007 in Selenge aimag. They set up monitoring plots in the north side of Kharaa river of Selenge aimag and it was exempted from grazing for 2-3 years. In those years, the rangeland recovered and the height of its plant reached up to 1 m high. At the time people were really happy with it and they said that we would have hay plots. When I visited this place again on 28 July, 2009 I did not believe it but this recovered rangeland looked as if it had been cut yesterday.

I would like to make some comments here. We should define a purpose for a project and monitor the implementation of the project along its original purpose. The participation of the local community should be encouraged. Their ideas and opinions should be discussed and reflected in the projects conducted. All the herders, local residents, specialists and scientists need to think about how we can really use these projects in the future and how can we sustain our rangeland for the long-term.

I think all of these projects should do more to change the way people think than to change the rangeland. Our government should make initiatives to disseminate knowledge of rangelands to every herder and not wait for foreign donors’ activities to attempt to solve the problem. We should be stopped before cash becomes obstacles.

In addition to livestock husbandry, the problem of water uses in the mining activity is also critical. The mining activities use more water compared with other activities. We can see how running water sources shrink in the hands of people who work as artisanal gold miner everywhere in Monglia.

Photo: washing gold in th Ongi river of Ovorkhangai aimag

I remembered one example when local citizens said that the water level of Ulz River is reduced in line with exploitation of gold mining by “Mongol Gazar” company in the Bayandun soum of Dornod aimag. After gold was transported away by the company, then local community with pots began to gather gold left. This artisanal gold mining is partly responsible for the shrinking water source, a branch of Ulz River running behind of Khairkhan mountain of Bayandun soum in Dornod aimag. The same process is observed in Booroljuut valley of Uyanga soum in Ovorkhangai aimag.

We have been seeing how artisanal gold mining along impacts the environment around water sources. The water issues have not been solved yet and we have a lot of questions including: if we start to use huge metal deposits such as Ouytolgoi (copper mining), and Tavantolgoi (copper and cool mining), will we still have sufficient underground water source? Or do we have to import water from other countries? In this case, I am impressed to hear someone who has positive opinion on mining of huge deposits in Mongolia.

I undoubtedly believe that there are not enough baseline data on underground water sources if it is going to be used for mining activity. Data on surface water sources and underground water sources are both limited, and existing data are difficult to use since the purposes of why these data are made are not clear.

Therefore, it is necessary to conduct survey on the water sources in the gobi regions to know if the water sources are enough or not for huge deposits. Before the discussion on tax (how many percent) and the agreement on mining, research of water sources on surface and underground must be done. And then discussion can focus on the results of the research.

While professional people are talking and writing about if the water sources should be used for mining purpose, it is drying up when all treasures are dug up. It is a bad signal and I agreed with it.

There will be a dry desert with no water sources after mining activity, then where can Gobi people move to?

As I was traveling in the most of my country, I saw very few deep drilling wells. That situation reminded me the socialist system, and during that period, why we did not use deep drilling well. In that time, I thought our government’s strategies were right about using water sources. There were good and detailed policies regarding when and where to use water sources.

How many members of our government know anything about water sources before counting money earned from mining?

The herders use only surface water sources such as springs, streams and hand-dug wells at the river bank and they work very environmentally friendly. But their share of positive impact on the environment is never taken into account.

The vegetation covers of the Khangai region are more thick and height than gobi region but it is less nutrient and very limited its plant species to be standing for whole winter. Here, forbs are dominant in the plant communities of this region. The forbs are not standing for whole winter and those species are not to be senescence and dry up early and not be accumulated into soil as fertilizer. Therefore, hay will be used as fodder in this place. However, they have lost a lot of their livestock population in the zudh( snow disaster) that main reason was increased livestock population, overgrazed and degraded hay plots.

There was nice and unique summer in Khangai region is like as paradise.  In the period of  time, herder was being forget to be winter while they are drinking airag (vodka)and visiting naadams(holiday). Also governors of soum(province)and bagh (small unit) seems to support to herder’s habit  to forget when winter will be came as well.

If the herder did not harvest a hay and fodder when winter will come, they ask donation from others that unusual net set up everywhere. Nevertheless, zudh in 2000-2001had been faced the western region, and this catastrophe gave bad message to the herders since then the herders can prevent zudh that observed by me during my traveling in Arkhangai aimag.

I supposed that behavior of the herders who have seen pictures such as starved animals, and sheep pill out their wool and shed a leg skin of cows while blood coming out and it had frozen. It was very terrible. When I have watched it on TV then I was so worried.   This zudh was covered in the most part of Arkhangai and Zavkhan aimags.

Most of Mongolians have a bad behavior in their blood that they never think about future if people not feel bad by themselves. The herders are worrying about their winterizing because they already known a consequence of zudh. Therefore, the herders of Arkhangai aimag have initiated preparatory of winter including hay-making, fencing water sources, and glade, fertilizing their hay plots and harvesting hay. For example: head (inflorescence) of Broadleaf Golbthisle( Echinops dahuricus) is dry up as fodder. In the summer time, animal doesn’t like to eat sagebrush and goosefoot (Chenopodium, Artemisia ) is unpalatable species but is to be good fodder if cut them in growing time. Other one should learn of their good experience and lessons learnt.

Our government needs to support for disseminating above mentioned useful experiences to the communities. The local administrator is slow to disseminate and support raised ideas from bottom. But they can help to organize “Horse wrestling” and build up money for it.

I don’t understand that local administrator particularly, soum governor always wait for donation through others and they would like to proclaim their poverty in the world.   Actually they are saying hat they did not to do any thing in line with less money, and we need some donation. If they have assistance of donors and they could not to stop their activity after donor’s donation. Nevertheless, when the project of donors will end and their activity would be stopped as well.

If they accepted donation from the donors and their activity can be developed. Local elected people will do any thing during the circle of election of Parliament and they dig out next hole before next election that condition has been shown Mongolia is to be weak in the worldwide. I hope everybody would be agreed with me in the situation of Mongolia.

I observed other strange one that local administrators like to meet with mining people who has a license of exploration and exploitation on mining. They are not taking into account environment like as interesting in mining activity. And I believe that soum governor doesn’t worry about degradation of the environment including land degradation, overgrazing and soil erosion.

Whenever soum will be have a good governor who support herder’s initiative and protect nature.  Good governor is to be support participatory rules and the herder’s opinion will reflect on soum’s  plan furthermore need to protect nature.

Besides its positive influence to nature and techniques, the ethanol fuel is cheaper by 100 tugrug than common gasoline and financially profitable. Vital importance is the biofuel does not cause any smut and snuff. "Experts consider that when you use the biofuel, automobile pipe smoke is decreased by 30-40%" said Davaatseren B, senior specialist who is engaged in quality and technology department of Petrovis Company. However the biofuel is introduced into our market newly,  "Eco drivers" that really love the nature and protect it, start to purchase this kind of fuel.

According to the law, payment for using mineral resources must goes into local budget as well as the amount of payment must be clear.

But nobody really pays so the law just stays on paper. According to the mineral resource law, the amount of payment is specified as 5% and 2.5%.

Payment for precious metal (gold and silver etc.,) exploitation is 5%, and payment for mineral resources which are not so precious and can be found on the ground surface is 2.5%, and if those payments go into local budget, it will be helpful to the local area development and to solve the social issues of the locals.

Moreover, locals must have the information about the mining projects being implemented in their country and the amount of tax paid. Locals must monitor them. We should demand anyone to give true information who exploits our resources since we are the owner of this country. We should put control to make sure whether they fulfill their legal obligations and co-operate with local authorities.

What's more, citizens should monitor the payment for mineral resources exploitation to check whether it is against the regulations and if the money really goes into the local budget. Unfortunately, because of not knowing their rights or thinking that it is non of their business, locals don't take any actions to stop it even they know that high ranking officials get money from it.

NGOs should run activities to teach more about the legal rights of citizens, to monitor state actions, and to increase participation of citizen in social life.